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US researchers say they have developed an Where buy generic Viagra Online effective way to kill unwanted plants and animals that hitch a ride in the ballast waters of cargo vessels.
Tests showed that a continuous Buy Viagra Online Cheap microwave system was able to remove all marine life within the water tanks.
The UN lists “invasive species” dispersed by Buy Cheap Viagra Online Now ballast water discharges as one of the four main threats to the world’s marine ecosystems.
The findings will appear in the journal Where to Buy Viagra Now Online Environmental Science and Technology.
Shipping moves more than 80% of the world’s Buy cheap generic Viagra commodities and transfers up to five billion tonnes of ballast water internationally each year, data from the UN shows.
Vessels, especially large container ships, need ballast Buy Cheap Viagra pill Online tanks to provide stability in the water and correct any shift in the ships’ mass.
When a ship’s cargo is unloaded, it fills with ballast water; when it is later reloaded, often on the other side of the world, the water is discharged.
“The basic idea is that you take the ballast Mail Order Viagra Online water and pump it through a microwave cavity.”
He added that the system would follow the same principle as a household microwave oven.
“The power level is much higher and a different frequency, Buy Viagra online without prescription but it creates a very high intensity electric field in the centre of the cavity that oscillates rapidly.
“The water molecules are going to start spinning around generic Viagra cheapest prices very fast and they are going to create a lot of friction that generates heat,” Dr Boldor explained.
“But it generates heat in the whole volume at the same time, unlike if you try to use another heating mechanism where you have to take the heat from somewhere else and conduct it through the liquid.”
This means that the researchers have a high degree of confidence that the Buy Real Viagra Online system is treating all of the water to remove the unwanted organisms.
“It is extremely fast and very efficient at transferring the energy from the microwaves into heat,” he told BBC News.
For thousands of years, marine species have been dispersed non prescription generic Viagra throughout the oceans by natural means, such as currents and drifting on debris.
But natural barriers, such as temperature differences and land masses, have limited the range of some species’ dispersal and allowed different marine ecosystems to evolve.
Since the emergence of the modern shipping fleet and growing trade between nations, these natural barriers have been broken down, allowing the introduction of alien species that upset the equilibrium of ecosystems.